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In 2026, Mongolia's population stands at 3,556,798. That is a 5-fold increase on the 781,688 recorded in 1950. It is expanding at +1.09% a year, adding about 38.8K people a year. With only 2 people/km², it is one of the world's more sparsely settled countries. Half the population is younger than 27.0 years, and the age structure is steadily tilting older: the median is projected to reach 32.0 by 2050. The sexes are close to evenly balanced, at 99 males per 100 females. By 2100, UN projections put it at 5,519,345, up +55% from 2026.
Total population
3,556,798
Density
2 people/km²
Median age
27.0 years
Growth rate
+1.09%
Mongolia's population continues to grow, though at a moderate pace. The population is aging rapidly; median age will rise from 27 in 2026 to 32 by 2050. Population density is low at 2 people per km². UN projections show continued growth to 5.5M by 2100.