Estonia

1950

2025

2100

1950

2025

2100

Net emigration of 13,350 people per year—more people leaving than arriving.

Since 1950, Estonia has gained a cumulative 144,175 people through migration.

By 2100, projections show continued net immigration.

Net migrants

-13,350

Net migration rate

-9.9 per 1,000 people

Key terms

Net migration: — Immigrants minus emigrants. Positive = more people arriving, negative = more leaving.
Net migration rate: — Net migration per 1,000 population per year.
Immigration: — People entering the country from abroad.
Emigration: — People leaving the country to live abroad.

Migration flows

Net migration from 1950 to 2100 (projections after 2024)

Net migrants

+147,726

Cumulative over selected range

Peak immigration

39,754

Top year: 2022

Peak emigration

-38,391

Lowest year: 1992

Recent avg (10 yrs)

+291

Per year

Estonia loses approximately 13,350 people per year to emigration (9.9 per 1,000 population). Peak immigration was 39,754 in 2022.

Migration flows in Estonia are relatively modest. The high emigration rate may reflect economic challenges or better opportunities abroad.

Source: UN World Population Prospects 2024. Historical estimates (1950–2024) and medium-variant projections (2025–2100).