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In 2026, Estonia's total fertility rate is 1.38 children per woman, below the 2.1 replacement level. Over the preceding five years it has fallen by 0.21 children per woman. About 10 thousand babies are born a year, a crude birth rate of 7.6 per 1,000. Its net reproduction rate sits at 0.67, well below the 1.0 that marks generational replacement. Women are having children later in life, at a mean age of 31.3 years, up from 25.7 in 1980. By 2100, projections see it reaching 1.57 children per woman.
Fertility rate
1.38 children/woman
Birth rate
7.6 per 1,000 people
Total births
10.2K
Mean age at birth
31.3 years
Estonia's fertility rate of 1.38 children per woman is below the 2.1 replacement level needed to maintain population size without immigration. Women are also having children later: mean age at childbearing has risen from 25.7 to 31.3 since 1980.