Poland

1950

2025

2100

Poland

1950

2025

2100

What to know

Net emigration of 330,820 people per year—more people leaving than arriving.

Since 1950, Poland has lost a cumulative 882,510 people through migration.

By 2100, projections show continued net emigration.

Key statistics for 2025

Net migrants

-330,820

Net migration rate

-8.7 per 1,000 people

Key terms

Net migration: — Immigrants minus emigrants. Positive = more people arriving, negative = more leaving.
Net migration rate: — Net migration per 1,000 population per year.
Immigration: — People entering the country from abroad.
Emigration: — People leaving the country to live abroad.

Migration flows

Why are people leaving?

Net migration from 1950 to 2100 (projections after 2024)

Net migrants

-1,482,408

Cumulative over selected range

Peak immigration

967,744

Top year: 2022

Peak emigration

-330,820

Lowest year: 2025

Recent avg (10 yrs)

-2102

Per year

Poland loses approximately 330,820 people per year to emigration (8.7 per 1,000 population). Peak immigration was 967,744 in 2022.

The bottom line

Poland is a source country for migration, with significant net emigration each year. The high emigration rate may reflect economic challenges or better opportunities abroad.

Source: UN World Population Prospects 2024. Historical estimates (1950–2024) and medium-variant projections (2025–2100).