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As of 2023, coal dominated Zambia's reserves at 1.0 billion short tons recoverable. Over the last decade, coal reserves grew significantly (+2000%). Beyond fossil fuels, Zambia is a top-ten producer of Copper, part of a critical-minerals base spanning 2 commodities tracked by USGS.
Coal reserves (2023)
1.0 B ST
Copper reserves (2025)
#1121.0 Mt
Zambia's reserve base was dominated by coal, the most carbon-intensive fossil fuel by energy content. Reserve estimates had been revised upward over the past decade, reflecting new discoveries or improved recovery technology.
Zambia produces Copper among USGS-tracked critical minerals.
USGS marks 2025 production figures and all reserve estimates as estimated; some earlier production years are USGS estimates as well. Each commodity below charts its own mine-production history, with the 2025 reserve shown beneath its chart.