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As of 2021, Iraq's reserves were dominated by crude oil: 145.02 billion barrels of proved reserves. It also held 131.69 trillion cubic feet of gas. Over the last decade, oil reserves grew significantly (+26%). Beyond fossil fuels, Iraq has historically produced Phosphate Rock among USGS-tracked critical minerals.
Oil reserves (2021)
145.02 B bbl
Natural gas reserves (2021)
131.69 TCF
Iraq was a meaningful holder of crude oil reserves, which anchored its position in global energy markets. Reserve estimates had been revised upward over the past decade, reflecting new discoveries or improved recovery technology.
Iraq has historically produced Phosphate Rock among USGS-tracked critical minerals.
USGS marks 2025 production figures and all reserve estimates as estimated; some earlier production years are USGS estimates as well. Each commodity below charts its own mine-production history, with the 2025 reserve shown beneath its chart.