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As of 2021, natural gas led Mozambique's reserve mix at 100 trillion cubic feet. It also held 2.0 billion short tons of coal. Over the last decade, gas reserves jumped in a single restatement (22-fold in 2014). EIA stopped publishing oil and gas proved reserves in 2023; the figures above use the latest archived release, while coal continues to update through 2023. Beyond fossil fuels, Mozambique is a top-five producer of Natural Graphite among USGS-tracked critical minerals.
Natural gas reserves (2021)
100.00 TCF
Coal reserves (2023)
2.0 B ST
Natural Graphite reserves (2025)
#425.0 Mt
Mozambique's reserve base was built around natural gas, the cleaner-burning of the fossil fuels. As a holder of top-five reserves of Natural Graphite, Mozambique is a strategically important supplier in global critical-minerals markets. Natural Graphite output has expanded materially since 2017, deepening that role.
Mozambique produces Natural Graphite among USGS-tracked critical minerals.
USGS marks 2025 production figures and all reserve estimates as estimated; some earlier production years are USGS estimates as well. Each commodity below charts its own mine-production history, with the 2025 reserve shown beneath its chart.