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As of 2023, coal dominated Germany's reserves at 39.0 billion short tons recoverable. It also held 0.115 billion barrels of oil and 0.826 trillion cubic feet of gas. Over the last decade, coal reserves declined significantly (-12%). EIA stopped publishing oil and gas proved reserves in 2023; the figures above use the latest archived release, while coal continues to update through 2023. Beyond fossil fuels, Germany is a top-five producer of Potash, part of a critical-minerals base spanning 2 commodities tracked by USGS.
Oil reserves (2021)
0.12 B bbl
Natural gas reserves (2021)
0.83 TCF
Coal reserves (2023)
39.0 B ST
Potash reserves (2025)
#7150.0 Mt
Germany's reserve base was dominated by coal, the most carbon-intensive fossil fuel by energy content. Reserve estimates had trended lower, reflecting extraction outpacing new discoveries.
Germany produces Natural Graphite and Potash among USGS-tracked critical minerals.
USGS marks 2025 production figures and all reserve estimates as estimated; some earlier production years are USGS estimates as well. Each commodity below charts its own mine-production history, with the 2025 reserve shown beneath its chart.