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As of 2023, coal dominated Brazil's reserves at 7.3 billion short tons recoverable. It also held 12.71 billion barrels of oil and 12.85 trillion cubic feet of gas. Over the last decade, coal reserves held roughly steady. EIA stopped publishing oil and gas proved reserves in 2023; the figures above use the latest archived release, while coal continues to update through 2023. Beyond fossil fuels, Brazil is a top-five producer of Iron Ore, Natural Graphite, and Bauxite, part of a critical-minerals base spanning 11 commodities tracked by USGS. It also holds top-five reserves of Rare Earths and Nickel.
Oil reserves (2021)
12.71 B bbl
Natural gas reserves (2021)
12.85 TCF
Coal reserves (2023)
7.3 B ST
Rare Earths reserves (2025)
#221.0 Mt
Natural Graphite reserves (2025)
#274.0 Mt
Nickel reserves (2025)
#316.0 Mt
Brazil's reserve base was dominated by coal, the most carbon-intensive fossil fuel by energy content.
Brazil produces Lithium, Nickel, Rare Earths, Natural Graphite, plus 6 more among USGS-tracked critical minerals.
USGS marks 2025 production figures and all reserve estimates as estimated; some earlier production years are USGS estimates as well. Each commodity below charts its own mine-production history, with the 2025 reserve shown beneath its chart.