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As of 2023, coal dominated Russia's reserves at 178.8 billion short tons recoverable. It also held 80.00 billion barrels of oil and 1688.23 trillion cubic feet of gas. Over the last decade, coal reserves edged higher (+1%). EIA stopped publishing oil and gas proved reserves in 2023; the figures above use the latest archived release, while coal continues to update through 2023. Beyond fossil fuels, Russia is a top-five producer of Gold, Potash, and Cobalt, part of a critical-minerals base spanning 12 commodities tracked by USGS. It also holds top-five reserves of Iron Ore and Zinc.
Oil reserves (2021)
80.00 B bbl
Natural gas reserves (2021)
1688.23 TCF
Coal reserves (2023)
178.8 B ST
Potash reserves (2025)
#12.0 Gt
Gold reserves (2025)
#212.0 kt
Iron Ore reserves (2025)
#235.0 Gt
Russia's reserve base was dominated by coal, the most carbon-intensive fossil fuel by energy content.
Russia produces Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, Rare Earths, plus 7 more among USGS-tracked critical minerals.
USGS marks 2025 production figures and all reserve estimates as estimated; some earlier production years are USGS estimates as well. Each commodity below charts its own mine-production history, with the 2025 reserve shown beneath its chart.